Phillis Wheatley Essay

The exotic daughter of Africa whose poetry inspired a cause of freedom and social justice in a different land while using the traditional religious view of her heritage. Whose words and symbolism still resonate through the world as reminders of a dream of equality and freedom from monarchal tyranny. This exemplary figure of true patriotism is Phillis Wheatley an African woman born along the Gambia River in Africa to the Fulani tribe (Shields 473). In two of her finest works â€Å"To his Excellency General Washington† and â€Å"Liberty and Peace† Phillis Wheatley uses the African tradition of solar worship to justify the American Revolution. Phillis Wheatley was born around 1753 to a Fulani woman who either practiced an ancient tribal form of solar worship or was a devout Muslim. Wheatley had only one fond memory of her life in Africa and that memory is of her mother performing a ritual every morning to the sun. ‘â€Å"before the sun at his rising† and then â€Å"prostrating herself† in the direction of the risen sun,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Shields 473). The theory that Phillis Wheatley’s mother was a Muslim is plausible because the rising sun is in the direction of Mecca. Also, the word of Islam had spread to this part of Africa and the number of Muslims in western Africa was growing during that time period. However, the theory that Phillis Wheatley’s mother is Muslim is discredited through the use of sun allusions in Wheatley’s poetry. â€Å"Her mother’s solar worship surely is the source of her exaltation of the sun, which she names in her poems nine times as Aurora; as Apollo, seven; as Phoebus, twelve, and as Sol, twice,† (Shields). This shows the love and admiration that Phillis Wheatley had for the sun; a love that was instilled in her by her mother when Wheatley was a small child watching her mother praise Apollo. â€Å"To his Excellency General Washington† was published in April of 1776 by Phillis Wheatley in Boston Massachusetts. This poem to George Washington commemorates him for his efforts to promote freedom. This was the first written work to be published that supported him in his endeavor to free the young country (Williams). In the opening lines of the poem Phillis Wheatley uses a muse, a device of neoclassicism, which exposes the inspiration for her literary work. The muse of this poem is the celestial choir which can be interpreted as the sun god because in line one she writes, â€Å"Celestial choir! enthron’d in realms of light,† (CITATION POETRY FOR STUDENTS). â€Å"Enthron’d in realms of light† means that light surrounds the celestial choir which must come from the sun. In lines nine through twelve Wheatley explains a sun goddess that aides the American cause, â€Å"The Goddess comes, she moves divinely fair/†¦Wherever shines this native of the skies/ Unnumber’d charms and recent graces rise,† (CITATION POETRY FOR STUDENTS). This native of the skies shines wherever she roams; she is the female embodiment of the sun god. . She understands the validity of the American cause because she is fair and just that is why she supports America. The goddess shines on America and with this divine light comes unnumbered charms and graces that fall upon the young nation. She helps America by protecting them in the ultimate struggle they have at hand against the British. The theme of the poem is expressed in lines thirty one through thirty two, â€Å"And so may you, whoever dares disgrace/ This land of freedom’s heaven-defended race,† (CITATION POETRY FOR STUDENTS). The theme of this poem is simply freedom; freedom for the common man, woman and child, and that no person should be subject to any form of oppression or tyranny. The message of freedom is exemplified in these lines because America is being defended by the solar goddess. She promotes the continuation of the belief that every man is entitled freedom by birth. Therefore, these lines show that America is justified by heaven to fight the British. This heavenly protection serves as defense and as a means of dissuading any advances on America. The first line shows the warning to all that may want to pose a threat to America because it is a land of freedom that is divinely protected by the sun goddess. So, these two lines show that America is a land of freedom and that it is defende d by the sun goddess against all that transgress against America’s boundaries. After the defeat of the British in the American Revolutionary War and the Treaty of Paris of 1783 was signed, Phillis Wheatley wrote â€Å"Liberty and Peace†; a poem that celebrated the new countries independence (Shields 489-490). The poem was published in 1784 and praised the defeat of Britannia by America, which has just been established as a sovereign state (Doak 86). It was also one of her last notable works because during that same year she passed away (O’Neale). The overall theme and message of the poem is that America is noble and just for fighting for its independence and that she is and will always be divinely protected. Britain is considered a menace and dictator for holding the colonies back for becoming their own separate country (Jamison). In â€Å"Liberty and Peace† on line sixty four Phillis Wheatley explains how her ancestral sun god is on the side of America and that it is the reason why America defeated the British. The line reads, â€Å"And Heavenly Freedom spread her gold Ray,† (O’Neale). This line shows that the golden ray of heaven will be spread by heavenly freedom. The golden ray was graced upon America by the female embodiment of the sun god. This ray of freedom will spread to any land where America spreads its sails. America being able to spread its ray of freedom is shown in lines sixty two through sixty three of â€Å"Liberty and Peace†, â€Å"Where e’er Columbia spreads her swelling Sails/ To every Realm shall Peace her Charms display,† (O’Neale). This quote illustrates that the golden ray placed upon America by the sun goddess will spread to other lands by heavenly freedom. That any land America encounters will be instilled with the American virtues of p eace and freedom. Phillis Wheatley is a true American patriot for the American quest of peace and freedom from the British menace. She uses her ancestral tradition of solar worship to justify the American cause and to support the troops in their enormous endeavor. In â€Å"To his Excellency General Washington† Phillis Wheatley illustrates a sun goddess that aides on the side of the Americans during the revolutionary war. Wheatley goes on to further explain that American people are a group of people that are divinely protected because they exemplify a spirit of freedom that has never been seen in the world to date. In â€Å"Liberty and Peace† Phillis Wheatley shows that the values and beliefs that are at the core of America are protected by the sun god; that is the reason why America was able to triumph over the British. It was able to because it was fighting for freedom and the sun god protects and defends the righteous in all their endeavors. America will also inspire every land she touches to fight for freedom and equality because America is heavenly defended and her virtues are protected by the sun god. It is clear to see the instances of solar allusions in Phillis Wheatley’s work. She uses her mother’s religion of solar worship to show the validity of the American cause in the Revolutionary War. Phillis Wheatley supported and whole-heartedly believed in the American Revolution due to the fact that in â€Å"To his Excellency General Washington† and â€Å"Liberty and Peace she uses her tradition of solar worship to support America.

English before final Essay

Poetry about love Love is the most powerful feeling of emotion in all kinds of relationships such as a father to his son or a lover to his mistress. The poem † My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare focus on a similar theme which is love. The speaker in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, and the speaker in sonnet 130 describe loving someone more than yourself. In Roethke’s poem, the speaker is a young boy who remembers his childhood relationship with his father. In sonnet 130, a speaker is a man who loves his mistress by celebrating the love for her. Theodore Roethke and William Shakespeare demonstrate the theme of love through using simile, metaphor, and tone to show the importance of love in their poems. Both poets use the device of simile as to express their love. William Shakespeare uses simile as regarding the appearance of his mistress who he loves the most. He compares the look of his mistress to give an idea to his readers about the appearance of his mistress. Such as, it is written in the poem â€Å"My mistress’s eyes are nothing like the sun† (line 1). By this line, he means that his mistress’ eyes are not at all beautiful like a sun. On the other hand, Roethke uses simile as though the son got hurt by his father but the son still loves him. In his poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, he writes, â€Å"hung on like death† (line 3). This line of simile means that the son is denying to leave his drunken father even if he is having trouble holding his drunk father. The reason is the son is so desperate for spending time with his father, which shows the son loves his father a lot. The two poets use metaphor to enhance the importance of their love. Roethke uses metaphor as describing that it’s not easy to dance between loving and being scared of his father. Such as, he writes in his poem â€Å"Such waltzing was not easy â€Å"(line 4). By using this metaphor, he means that it is not easy for a little boy to enjoy dancing and taking care of his drunk father at the same time. In other words, it means that the relationship between a little boy and his drunk father is not such as easy and simple it seems like since it is hard and difficult. On the other hand, Shakespeare uses metaphor as comparing wires and her hair. Such as, he writes â€Å"If hairs are wires, black wires grow on her head† (line 4). By this line, the speaker makes the comparison of his mistress’s hair with wires which means his mistress’s hair is not soft or smooth. In other words, it means the speaker describe the reality of his mistress’ hair by emphasizing t hat his mistress is imperfect. Both poets use the device tone of in their poems. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† has a tone of accepting and realistic by the fact that her mistress is not beautiful, but he still loves her.† You beat time on my head / Still clinging to your shirt† (last stanza). This metaphor sentence means even though his father is beating his son’s head, but the little boy does not let his father’s shirt since he loves his father unconditionally. In addition, it means the love of little boy does not change even though he got hurt by his drunk father. The †Sonnet 130 † has a tone of love and pain at the same time. † And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare /As any, she belied with false compare† (line 13, 14). By this line, the speaker means that the appearance of his mistress will not him stop loving his mistress less since he loves her no matter the appearance. In another word, it means that the speaker sti ll loves his mistress with all imperfection appearance that his mistress has it. The reason is that the speaker loves his mistress inner beauty than outer beauty. Ultimately, in the poem of Roethke and Willam Shakespeare, the main topic is loving someone else unconditionally. The poem † My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke talks about a childhood memory of a young boy with his father. The poem † Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare talks about a man who loves his mistress with all her flaws. The two poets write about the topic of love with the help of simile, metaphor, and tone. These two poems teach us that a bad action or imperfection of our loved ones will not stop us loving them. Work Cited Roethke, Theodore. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz.† Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, edited by Robert DiYanni, (2nd edition) McGraw Hill, 2008, Page 505 Shakespeare, William. † Sonnet 130.† Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, edited by Stephen Orgel, with an introduction by John Hollander, 1609, page 134

Aberlyn Capital

Executive Summary The venture leasing deal that Aberlyn proposed to RhoMed is an innovative way for RhoMed, a start-up firm, to acquire financing without diluting its equity value and raising debt in the market. Management believes that the firm is more valuable than venture capital firms would believe, and debt financing would be extremely costly since RhoMed doesn’t currently have positive cash flow. For Aberlyn, the main benefits of the transaction are the interest payments paid on the lease and potential to sell the patent for a much higher value than the original $1 Million valuation by RhoMed. However, this is a rather risky investment for Aberlyn. If RhoMed defaults on its payments, Aberlyn uses the patent as collateral and must sell it in the market. Since the patent is highly individualized and therefore may not be commercially feasible, the patent is probably worth less than what Lulu’s valuation suggests. RhoMed has limited options in terms of financing as the cost of debt and equity are both very expensive for start-up firms without positive cash flow. However, by going this route, they are risking losing the main driver of their business their patent. In order to value RhoMed as a whole we needed to make numerous assumptions, particularly on their future revenue streams, a huge driver for the valuation and share value, as our sensitivity analysis suggests. We believe that the revenue projections given in the case are far too optimistic. We projected our own descending annual growth rates for revenue and assumed that the firm reaches stability in 2004 and grows at the inflation rate of 3%. We estimated capex by using a constant percentage of revenue of 21% and we used our estimated capex to estimate depreciation. Based on these assumptions, the NPV for the value of the firm is about $19.5 M and with a share value of $3.45. To value the warrants we used the black-Scholes model and reached a call price of $180,915 in total or $2.63 per warrant. Alberlyn requires an implicit yield of 15-17% on firms characterized as â€Å"class 2.† To calculate the IRR for Alberlyn, we evaluated three different scenarios that could potentially occur. Case 1 assumes that RhoMed successfully makes all its payments and buys back the patent at $1 at the end of three years. This yields a 15% IRR. Case 2 assumes that RhoMed defaults on its payments and that Aberlyn then successfully sells the patent in the market in 1995. In order to find then  appropriate sale price we assumed an IRR of 15% and backed into the purchase price of $2,750,652. Case 3 assumes that RhoMed defaults on its payment and Aberlyn is unable to find a buyer in the market. This yields a negative IRR and an NPV of negative 950 M, nearly equal to the negative amount of the initial investment. Based on our analysis we think that Aberlyn should not go ahead with the venture leasing deal and that RhoMed should reconsider issuing equity instead. Costs, Benefits, and risks of the venture leasing deal to Aberlyn and RhoMed Aberlyn 1. Benefits: This is a relatively novel transaction where an intangible asset is leased. As a frontrunner, Aberlyn has first mover’s advantage allowing it to capture profits from this innovative financing approach, even in future transactions after RhoMed. Aberlyn has an incredibly qualified management team and utilizes its expertise both in the case of RhoMed and in future leasing transactions. The two main benefits are the interest payments paid on the lease and Alberyn’s higher valuation of the patent. Aberlyn is providing $1 Million in cash to RhoMed but values the patent at $5 Million. If RhoMed cannot pay the interest or the principal then Aberlyn can use the patent as collateral and sell it in the market at a premium. This means that Aberlyn should be able to recoup its investment even if things do not go according to plan. 2. Costs: Aberlyn might have to engage in costly litigation in order to defend against possible infringements on RhoMed’s patent. If other companies sense that Aberlyn is unwilling to pay the litigation fees necessary in order to defend the patent, other companies will use the technology for free, rendering the patent worthless. 3. Risks: A. Novel Transaction: Since this is a relatively novel approach, and since RhoMed does not have experience with external financing, there are multiple areas under the discretion of Aberlyn’s management, which can ultimately determine Aberlyn’s profitability. B. Low cash balance: A potential risk is that RhoMed does not have enough cash flow to cover the interest expense and principal payments. According to Exhibit 6, the cash balance in 1992 is 21,351, and the net cash flow is -37,783. Considering that the interest expense for 1993 is projected to be 27,000, the default risk should be  highly considered. C. Highly specified product: Since the patent is not commercialized and targeted towards the individual, there might not be a market at all for the patent. It could be that if RhoMed does not exercise the option to buy the patent back or defaults on its payments and Aberlyn can’t sell the patent in the market, it would essentially be stuck with the patent, an a sset that has no value. We calculated the NPV in this scenario and concluded that Aberlyn would essentially lose nearly its entire investment. D. Another potential risk that Aberlyn faces is they are only purchasing one patent, and many firms regard one patent as being far less useful than a patent that is part of a broader portfolio. The patent would be more highly valued if antibodies, proteins, and peptides had already been patented and included within the Antibody Delivery System. E. This patent may actually capture a smaller portion of the market share than Lulu believes; this is because the product is highly individualized and not commercially feasible. If it is difficult for this new technology to capture as much market share as is predicted by Lulu, then Aberlyn will have difficulty selling the patent if and when RhoMed cannot meet its payment obligations. Another reason why it may be more difficult for Aberlyn to sell the patent is that much of the patent’s value is derived from the fact that RhoMed’s scientists have a lot of expertise in the area they are researching. If another firm that didn’t have the same level of human capital necessary to realize the full value of the patent bought the patent then they might value it less. RhoMed 1. Benefits: RhoMed can continue on with its business activities while maximizing its control of equity. Without the deal, RhoMed needs to find external financing from places such as banks until its IPO likely around 1994. Since RhoMed is a new company with negative cash flow, limited resources, and limited partnerships, most external sources of financing will be costly. Further, RhoMed’s founders want to retain their equity. Since most other venture capital firms want 30% equity, Aberlyn’s offer is attractive. 2. Costs: While the costs of maintaining the patent, such as defending it, are shifted to Aberlyn, RhoMed still bears additional leasing costs, which are similar to a loan and include both principal and leasing  interest payments. Although this is a significant cost, this cost is much lower than what the cost of traditional debt financing would be for RhoMed. 3. Risks: RhoMed faces quite a few risks, the main one being that they could lose their patents or what they deem proprietary technology. If RhoMed defaults on either the interest payments or the principal, then Aberlyn keeps the patent. If Aberlyn sells the patent in the market, RhoMed will lose its competitive advantage. Overall, RhoMed is putting the highest value of their business at a substantial risk. Nevertheless, this deal is necessary for RhoMed because of limited financing options. Lulu Peckering’s Evaluation The patents that RhoMed developed for immunotherapy of cancer treatment is a novel approach that has not been conclusively demonstrated. Therefore, there is no current market making it hard to find comparable firms and challenging to project future revenues. The best way to get a relative sense of how profitable the company can be is to try to size the market and make assumptions as to how much of the market RhoMed can capture considering the strength of the patent and the technology associated with it. There are two things to consider with Lulu Pickering’s patent evaluation. First are some of her assumptions. We agree with her valuation of the market size at $735.4 M. However, the assumption that RhoMed can capture 20% of the market seems unrealistic especially considering that if a PET machine is available, it will probably be used over other methods. This implies that splitting the market share evenly between the five options is probably not feasible. I would argue that PET will capture 40% of the market. The fact that the product is very individualized and less commercially feasible makes it even more difficult to believe that RhoMed can capture a substantial portion of the market. Therefore, we claim that they can only capture 10% of the market. Using the same method as in the case, we reach a market size of $36.8 M. Dividing that by half to account for the other risks discussed yields $18.4 M. Based on a royalty rate of 5% over the fourteen year time period of the estimate, with the assumption that this is relevant to all types of cancer, this equals $9.2 M. The discount rate is a measure of risk. Because we accounted for some of the risk associated with this product by  cutting down the size of the market, we can use the 7.3% premium above the risk free rate given in the case (13.35%) as the discount rate over 14 years: $9.2 M/(1.1335)^14 = $1.6 M. Assumptions for FCF of RhoMed and Valuation (Appendix 1) Revenues for RhoMed: We believe the revenue projections for RhoMed in Exhibit 7 are too optimistic. The revenue projections between 1993 and 1994 jump nearly 1000% and while start-ups do grow rapidly at the beginning, this seems highly optimistic. Given RhoMed is in its start-up stage, we project descending annual growth rates for revenue. We assume that the firm reaches stability in 2004 and then peg the subsequent growth rate to inflation at 3%.1 Capex: Given the condition that RhoMed is in a capital-intensive biotech industry, we calculated CAPEX as a constant proportion of revenue. We assume the ratio of CAPEX/Revenue remains constant at 21% (as in year 1992) over the following years. Depreciation: To calculate the depreciation, we use CAPEX and depreciated with a consistent 11-year life using the straight-line method. This patent has a 17 year life span and most PPE have a five year schedule. Therefore we chose an average of those two times, 11 years, as the depreciation schedule for the patent. We were then able to calculate depreciation each year using a depreciation schedule (Appendix 3). Terminal Value: For TV, we used the constant growth method, assuming a constant growth rate of 3% and discounted it back one year to yield a 2004 value of $55,642,743 (Appendix 2). Risk-free rate/discount rate: We used the risk-free rate of the 10-year U.S. Treasury bonds at 6.05%, which we think best reflects the length of the project and added a premium of 7.3% as stated in the case which yielded a 13.35% discount rate. Impact of Warrants: We took into consideration the impact of warrants. Since the warrant coverage ratio is 10%, it means 1,000,000*10%/3.45 = 29,000 warrants can be exercised. Therefore, we added this number to the current total shares outstanding. Based on these assumptions, the NPV for the value of the firm is about $19.5 M. As this is an all equity firm, this is also the firm value, dividing that by the number of shares outstanding (5,699,747) results in a share price of $3.43 (Appendix 2). Assumptions for Warrants and Valuation Sigma: We used the industry average sigma, 68% (from footnotes in Exhibit 10). Risk-free rate: We used the 5-year U.S. Treasury rate of 5.05% as a benchmark, matching the time horizon of the warrants. Valuation: We calculated the value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes model. For the inputs of the B-S model, we used the firm value of $19.5 M that we calculated above as Y, $1.45 for the exercise price, 5,699,747 for the number of shares outstanding, as provided in the case. Number of the warrants is calculated by multiplying 1,000,000 by the warrant coverage 10%, and then divided by the exercise price. Using alpha=n/(n+m), P=alpha*Y and X=(1-alpha)*n*Xw, we derive all the inputs for B-S model. Inputting those values in the model results in: P=234,317, X=98,798 and the value of the warrants or the call price = 181,501 in total or 2.63 per warrant (Appendix 4). Internal Rate of Return for Aberlyn Aberlyn is looking for a 15-17% implicit yield on patents falling into risk class â€Å"2.† We evaluated three different scenarios that could potentially occur based on the benefits, costs, and risks discussed earlier. Scenario 1: Optimistic View In this case, we assume RhoMed would successfully make all the payments and exercise the option to buy back the patent for $1 (which we ignore in our analysis since it’s so small). Amortization of the patent at the assumed book value of $1 million uses the straight-line method and is zeroed out after the sale. This yields a 15% implicit yield (appendix). Scenario 2: Optimistic Default on payments, sell patent. In this case, we assume RhoMed failed to make all the payments either interest or principal or both, loses the option to buy back the patents, and loses the patents in general. We assume RhoMed would fail to make those payments at year 3 (since they borrowed $1 M they could at least make the payment for the first couple years) and thus Aberlyn would sell the patent in the market in 1995. Using Aberlyn’s required implicit yield of 15%, as case 1, we backed out the required sale price of the patent in 1995 = 2,750,652 (appendix). Scenario 3: Pessimistic In this case, we assume that RhoMed would not be able to make payments at year 3 and that Aberlyn will not be able to sell the patent in the market. As discussed above, there could be a situation where Aberlyn cannot find a market for patent and would be left holding an asset that ultimately holds no value. In this case Alberlyn has a negative NPV of $950 M, nearly equal to the amount of the initial investment (appendix). From Aberlyn’s perspective it seems that there is little upside to pursuing this route. They are essentially acquiring an asset that could be replicated by other firms and that is highly individualized, highly narrowing the market. As the sensitivity analysis shows, RhoMed’s valuation and share price are very sensitive to revenue streams (appendix). Even if RhoMed does make the payments, the revenue projections might be off and considered the difficulty in commercializing an individualized product, it seems even less likely that their revenue projections will be realized. While a $1M investment is not large, they could face the possibility of losing nearly entire amount as scenario three indicates. While RhoMed has limited options, this is also a risky approach for them because they are gambling the main driver of their company the patent. While the founders don’t want to dilute equity value, they might want to reconsider traditional equity financing. While this is an innovative approach to venture capital, we think it is risky for both parties involved and we would recommend that they reconsider. Appendix 1 – FCF_Assumptions Appendix 2 – RhoMed FCF, Share Price, Depreciation Schedule Appendix 3 – Depreciation Schedule Appendix 4 – Warrant Valuation Appendix 5 – IRR Calculation

CAL Final Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CAL Final Literature - Essay Example They state further that the application and use of organizational learning mechanisms embody organizational learning. The utilization of organizational learning mechanisms helps the organization to collect, store, analyze, publish and make use of this information to the benefit of the organization. 2 RESEARCH APPROACH Organizations use research as one of the means of creating knowledge. Research is also used to identify problems and find solutions. Lee and Greenley (2010, p. 5) emphasize research has to be conducted in a business environment but researchers need to make sure that their research has the required rigor and relevance. The discussion further leads to viewpoints from various authors and one particular viewpoint of induction approach particularly was significant to me. This was from Evert Gummesson, who argues that for achieving good results and to ensure rigor a researcher should follow an inductive method. This is because within a deductive method the theory that will be used may be outdated or based in different environments. Therefore, it cannot be adopted to attain the desired results from the research. The argument is that, through the use of inductive approach; a researcher is not influenced by previously established theories and starts to begin with collecting information. Within my organization study, I opt to carry out a deductive approach which is contradicting with Evert Gummesson arguments (Lee and Greenley, 2010, p.5). I support this approach as I am not basing my discussion on a particular research or textbook but by analyzing different literatures on the topic of employee motivation and organizational behavior. Different point of view and...Organizations use research as one of the means of creating knowledge. Research is also used to identify problems and find solutions. Lee and Greenley (2010, p. 5) emphasize research has to be conducted in a business environment but researchers need to make sure that their research has the required rigor and relevance. The discussion further leads to viewpoints from various authors and one particular viewpoint of induction approach particularly was significant to me. This was from Evert Gummesson, who argues that for achieving good results and to ensure rigor a researcher should follow an inductive method. This is because within a deductive method the theory that will be used may be outdated or based in different environments. Therefore, it cannot be adopted to attain the desired results from the research. The argument is that, through the use of inductive approach; a researcher is not influenced by previously established theories and starts to begin with collecting information. Within my organization study, I opt to carry out a deductive approach which is contradicting with Evert Gummesson arguments (Lee and Greenley, 2010, p.5). I support this approach as I am not basing my discussion on a particular research or textbook but by analyzing different literatures on the topic of employee motivation and organizational behavior. Different point of view and findings from researchers would provide a strong point of view for beginning the research.

A Critical Research Paper on the Performing Arts and Social

A Critical on the Performing Arts and Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example of early filmmaking in America was aimed at depicting family life, romance, social systems, and the government as without flaws, yet the reality was much different behind closed doors. In a way, it gave people an avenue to explore their feelings as well as to escape their own situation and find a way to cope. During the first half of the twentieth century, the entertainment industry primarily focused on the positive aspects of living. It was a way to soothe the populace from the effects of the Great Depression and both World Wars. The focus was on how to make people believe that normalcy would return and that family life wouldn’t be abnormally affected beyond that from which it could regenerate. Television capitalized on this message with weekly series that portrayed families in idealic settings with only minor mishaps; creating the chance to teach a moral message to the viewers. There were also the fantasy programs and westerns that brought escapism and adventure to those who just wanted to forget the harshness of reality for awhile. Most of the box office movies portrayed life as manageable with a certain degree of hardship which caused people to become stronger and more valued as human beings. Society still expected the men to lead the way; therefore most media portrayed life a s being a man’s world, reinforcing the idea that we were safe. After the Vietnam War, the entertainment industry moved away from the â€Å"all is well, we’ll be ok† message, due to the horrific effects of that time period. As soldiers returned from the war, they weren’t ok, and neither were we; everything about life as we knew it had changed, leaving us groping for a way to understand and deal with it all. Families were broken, social roles had changed; it was the first time we had gone to war senselessly and been defeated. Society had begun to question everything it believed; an epiphany moment. The entertainment industry focused more on expressing our horror, rage,

The History of Irish Education Part B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History of Irish Education Part B - Essay Example Through years of suppression and political discrimination, politics, in the end, and the shear determination of the Irish to educate their children evolved through concession and necessity into the creation of the National School System--a system destined to provide the basis for public education. Historical Background Originally set up by sects other than the majority Roman Catholics, small schools evolved in the early nineteenth century to educate the poor, manned by teachers most often untrained. Administration of the schools was quickly taken over by the Protestant Church of Ireland as both a religious and political move to Anglicise young Irish students. The Roman Catholic Church, while the majority, and Presbyterians felt pressured by these circumstances and feared a good deal of proselytising was ongoing within in schools. Both the Roman Catholic Church, gaining influential ground in the early nineteenth century after years of social, political and religious suppression, and P resbyterians, viewed as a strong Scottish influence to the Irish brand of Protestantism, had sought as a counter educational measure state support for schools of their own religious tradition. With the Irish Church most influential politically, it was charged that in the small schools of the time children of other denominations were being proselytised by Church of Ireland teachers as part of the educational curriculum. As early as 1812, education commissioners had called for better supervision of proselytizing in schools attended by various denominations, and by 1827 pressure was mounting for the state to cease channeling state aid through ‘voluntary agencies’(Hyland, Milne, 1987, p. 98) most often connected with particular religious groups. The Stanley Letter In October 1831, E.G. Stanley, then Chief Secretary of Ireland, wrote a letter to the Duke of Leinster , a liberal Protestant (Coolahan, 1981, p. 13) outlining plans for proposed national schools guided and overse en by a new sectarian educational board. The letter, now known as the ‘Stanley Letter’, addressed how the government would distribute aid to the board and outlined the basis upon which the board would support the schools. As suggested by Hyland and Milne (1987), the letter is generally accepted as the legal basis for national schools in Ireland, forwarding the recommendation of the Commissioners of 1812 that would effectively ‘banished [banish] even the suspicion of proselytism†¦admitting children of all religious persuasions†¦[and] not interfere with the particular tenets of any’ (Stanley, 1831 in Hyland et al, p. 99). As suggested in the letter (Stanley, 1831 in Hyland et al, p. 99-103) the system was set up as multi-denominational, with the schools governed by a member board consisting of two Roman Catholics, two from the Church of Ireland, and two Presbyterians. The multi-denominational concept at the beginning stages was met with resistance a nd suspicion, particularly by the Catholics and Presbyterians. (Coolahan, 1981) To overcome suspicion and due to Ireland’s history of past religious strife, there were imposed strict limits on the educational component of the proposal. According to Hyland and Milne (1987), during the school day ‘the teacher had to declare that religious education was beginning, hang a sign on

African American Religion Hoodoo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African American Religion Hoodoo - Essay Example Although most of its adherents are black, contrary to popular opinion, it has always been practiced by both whites and blacks in America. Other regionally popular names for hoodoo in the black community include "con-juration," "conjure," "witchcraft," "rootwork," and "tricking." The hoodoo tradition places emphasis on personal magical power and thus it lacks strong links to any spe-cific form of theology and can be adapted to any one of several forms of outward reli-gious worship. Although an individual practitioner may take on students, hoodoo is not an obviously hierarchical system. Teachings and rituals are handed down from a one practitioner to another, but there are no priests or priestesses and no division be-tween initiates and laity (Haskins, 1978, p. 13, 124). Like the folk magic of many other cultures, hoodoo attributes magical properties to herbs, roots, minerals (especially the lodestone), animal parts, and the personal pos-sessions and bodily effluvia of people. The African origins of hoodoo can clearly be seen in such non-European magical customs as jinxing, hot footing, foot track magic, crossing, and crossroads magic, in which are embedded remnants of the folkloric be-liefs of various African tribes.

Philosophy of Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy of Nursing - Assignment Example Person: As a nurse, I view my patients as people first. Subsequently, I try to engage them in a two way relationship which is based on mutual awareness and dialogue. From my perspective, patients are my partners in the health care process. Although I view patients as being multifaceted and complex beings, I acknowledge that they try to do their best to get better. Also, as a nurse, I tend to engage my patients in the decision making process. As such, authentic connections are established. Further, I prefer the term patient to client while referring to my patients so as to improve the nurse patient relationship. Health: Health as a dynamic process focuses on the patient’s entire physical, aesthetic, moral and social realms. As a nurse, I try to understand the patient’s health status (their social, physical, aesthetic and moral conditions). Thus, I judge or see a patient from his or her own perspective. This perception aids me to comprehend their needs and wants more easily. In addition, viewing patients from their perspective makes them feel that they are being cared for. Most importantly, this perception enables me as a nurse to know how different patients approach stress and how they cope with it. Environment: The environment is often the geography and landscape of a person’s social experience and includes space, quality and time variations. Moreover, the environment is made up of the patient’s societal beliefs, morals, expectations, values and customs. Nightingale (1860) stated that the primary role of a nurse is to place a patient in the right and best conditions for the environment to act upon him. This statement forms a critical and crucial part of my personal philosophy of nursing. Thus, it tends to resonate well with me. In light of Nightingale’s definition of the environment, I comprehend that both the external and internal components make up the environment. The environment element broadens to encompass both the built and

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Management - Essay Example The small company is usually faced by struggling financially that is the company that is acquired usually financial problems. The large company acquires the all the stock of the smaller company and makes become component of their business, that is, the smaller company usually ends up changing its and adopts the name of the large company. In most cases acquisition are usually friendly, where two parties enter into an agreement but sometimes it involves hostile takeover. For example if the board of directors accept the tender offer. Many scholars have postulated a number of different types of mergers and acquisitions in an effort of delineate the increasing trend of strategic alliances observed in the business world. Nevertheless, there are three main types of mergers and acquisitions which are based on the structure perspective. The main three types of mergers and acquisitions include; Vertical merger refers to a situation where two firms which is in the same industry but in different levels of production combine together to form one firm. For example, a shoe manufacturing company mergers with a shoe retailing company. In this case, the combination motive is to control the supply and distribution channel (Vachon, 2011). A horizontal merger is where two companies which are in the same level of production combines. ... The two companies are unrelated in terms of their operation and production (Carney, 2009). For example, a shoe manufacturing companies, mergers with a road constructing company. In this case the two companies are not related but their unification can only be viewed as diversification strategy (Pablo, Javidan, & Society). A G BARR is company in the food processing sector, producing flavored juices and beverages. Over the past few years the company has experienced increase demand in its product. Therefore, due to the increased demand in the product and the increase in the level of competition in the sector there is need to acquire a firm in the in the food processing sector so as to enhance economic efficiency and scope. After preliminary analysis a horizontal merger was essential where NICHOLS was ascertained as a potential target company. After a careful analysis of Nichols financial stability and the market it was ascertained that a merger was not essential but an acquisition of the company was sufficient. In order, to make the acquisition process successful and also to avoid failures that has hampered many merger and acquisition deals a well constructed plan to acquire shares was formulated together with a study of the financial performance of the company was carried out. The company would acquire the entire share in Nichols. AG BARR goal is to expand its market share in order to satisfy the need of customer as well as venture in to new markets. Nichols was the most suitable company to take over based on its financial health the company performance has not recorded major significant improvements the company has an annual turnover of

Information Communication Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Communication Technology - Essay Example From this research it is clear that a stand alone system can be helpful initially for the teachers to provide training to the users who are unfamiliar with the use of computer systems. A computer system helps in enhancing the knowledge new users who want to accelerate in this domain. A single or stand alone computer can only solve the issues who are just required in a closed vicinity. But when we have to think about the communication over the globe or whole world then the concept of computer networking can solve this issue. Networking helps in connecting computer systems over the globe and it provides an immense set of advantages in domain of ICT which we will have to discuss one by one.This paper highlights that  networking helps in file sharing between all the computers who are connected together. It provides a sort of more flexibility than using floppy drives and USB drive. We can share different types of data like photos, documents, music files, and many more. A network approac h also helps us in saving our important data on a different computer by using a home network. Home network helps us in making backup or duplicate copies of our critical data.  When a network facility is available and different computers are connected via media then it becomes easy to share a single printer among all computers.  When a shared printer will be available on the net then there would not be the need of jumping from one system to another one for printing purpose.

Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 Essay Example for Free

Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 Essay Ozymandias was a powerful king, who ruled with an iron fist. Lines 4 and 5, â€Å"Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown†, â€Å"And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command† shows that Ozymandias ruled with contempt, dominance and conceit. He was a very unhappy man, not forthcoming or humble in any way, as a true king should be. He was however, filled with pride and arrogance. Lines 10 and 11, â€Å"My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!† depicts his pride and vanity. The manner in which these lines are written, in the first voice, as if Ozymandias himself is telling us of his importance, one last time. In these 2 lines, he is boasting about all his accomplishments, wealth and successes, which accompanied being a king. These lines show that he believed that he was the greatest, and none superior to him. â€Å"Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown† â€Å"And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command† â€Å"Tell that its sculptor well those passions read† â€Å"Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things† The sculptor clearly showed Ozymandias personality and passions on his statue. Even though Ozymandias thought his would rule forever, everything becomes lifeless with time. And the manner in which he ruled was clearly shown on his half decayed and dismantled statue. Human ambition will only take you that far, it’s what you leave behind that truly matters. The words â€Å"passions† and â€Å"lifeless† are placed close together, because your passions and desires are supposed to keep you alive and happy, yet Ozymandias’ passions of despair survived on a lifeless statue. â€Å"The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed†. From what I can tell, the sculptor disapproved of the king’s way of ruling and ridiculed him, but yet he had to create him in stone to be remembered by all. The irony concerning lines 10 and 11 is that Ozymandias will not be remembered as a  great leader and king. What he believed himself to be will not be engraved in his followers, on the contrary, they would probably want him forgotten and his statue left in ruins. A statue is usually a monument erected in honour of a great leader of merit, but Ozymandias was a monument of fear and oppression. The poet is displaying a picture of dry and barren land in the desert. A half sunken body or head decapitated from its legs lying in the sand. There is nothing around these dismantled pieces, nothing for miles. The word â€Å"antique† to me, suggests old, ancient and maybe dilapidated. The poet also uses many words that evidently illustrate brokenness and deterioration like â€Å"trunkless legs†, â€Å"shattered visage†, â€Å"frown†, â€Å"wrinkled lip†, â€Å"cold command†, â€Å"survive†, â€Å"lifeless things†,† despair†, â€Å"nothing beside remains†, â€Å"decay†, â€Å"colossal wreck†, â€Å"boundless and bare† and â€Å"lone†. Lines 12, 13 and 14 portray the degeneration and despair clearly. â€Å"Nothing beside remains, round the decay† â€Å"Of the colossal wreck, boundless and bare† â€Å"The lone and level sands stretch far away† â€Å"boundless and bare†, â€Å"lone and level† and â€Å"sands stretch† Using alliteration in these lines creates and increases the effect of what the poet is saying. It also adds emphasis on the description of the land and on what remains of the mighty Ozymandias. It allows a clear picture and the irony of the end of Ozymandias legacy.

U.S. Military Women in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

U.S. Military Women in Vietnam Essay United States military women played important roles during the war, in Vietnam. Women served on voluntary terms and proved to aid amid the destruction and death in Vietnam. When Diane Carlson Evans, a former army nurse in Vietnam, first saw the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, she felt something was missing. Her efforts to highlight the service of women in Vietnam were rewarded on November 11, 1993, when the Vietnam Womens Memorial was dedicated. We learn from (Anderson, p. 99) that, â€Å"All women who served in Vietnam were volunteers, whether civilian or military. At one time there was discussion about drafting women nurses, but this was never implemented. Some women military asked to go to Vietnam, and some were sent against their wishes and even against recruiters promises, but all were volunteers because they voluntarily signed up for the military. † The discussion came up about drafting women, during Vietnam but it was decided that women would not be ordered to serve during this war. There was a huge need for nurses and other jobs, in Vietnam, but the draft was never made mandatory. We learn from Joan Arrington Craigwell and Ellen Hoffman Young, (Craigwell, Young, p. 77) that â€Å"Significant numbers of women served admirably in all branches of service as professional nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, air traffic controllers, aerial reconnaissance photographers, intelligence and language specialists, legal officers, and in security and administrative positions. Civilian women also served in Vietnam in the Red Cross, USO, the Central Intelligence Agency and the U. S. Agency for International Development, as well as in other government agencies. Other women worked there as journalists, flight attendants, and in various church and humanitarian organizations. † We also learn that, â€Å"Where are these women today? Could they possibly be your wife, your nurse, co-worker, your supervisor, your physician or your next door neighbor? Could you find them if you looked? These women have camouflaged themselves, an easy task in our society. All they have to do is keep quiet. Women served alongside men in that sink-pit of war. For the country to heal, these women need to reveal the full depth of their experiences, first to themselves and then to the rest of us. Its time for womens experiences and contributions to be recognized and acknowledged as an important part of the history of the Vietnam conflict. †Women have not necessarily been associated with serving in the United States, during Vietnam. When we think about Vietnam, we most likely connect the war with an all male group. Many women served in Vietnam and made huge contributions to this war effort. We learn from the Tod Advisor’s Notebook that, (Women in Vietnam, p. 1) â€Å"In 2002, we think nothing of seeing women soldiers going into combat, or women police officers on our streets. This is a fairly recent development and, even today, these are far from accepted roles for women outside the United States (and Canada). During the time of TOD, 1967-69, womens role in society was very limited. In the military, women were mostly restricted to clerical or medical duties. All women who served in the Armed Forces were either volunteers or obligatories (again, my term), the latter being mostly nurses who had received public funding for their training and were obliged to serve two years in the military in exchange. During the period of the Vietnam War, women did not attend West Point or participate in ROTC programs. Far fewer women served in the military (either in total or as a percentage) than had served in WW II.

Postoperative Pain Management Case Study

Postoperative Pain Management Case Study Introduction Postoperative pain management is the main issue in the case study of Josie Elliot, a 26 years old woman who had a surgery for internal fixation of fractured right wrist- the radius and scaphoid bones.Therefore, this assignment mainly describes the importance of pain management in post-operative care and also discusses the possible effects of unrelieved pain in the case of Josie Elliot. This writing further explains the process of making clinical judgement using the Tanners Model (2006) and discusses its application in the management of Josies postoperative pain management. This assignment also includes three progress notes to document the main clinical events that occurred in three different shifts while managing Josie’s pain. Importance of pain control in post-operative care and the potential effects of uncontrolled pain for Josie Elliot:(298 words) Managing postoperative pain is an essential component of the postoperative care for various reasons. According to Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (2013), effective management of post-surgery pain may reduce the incidence of postoperative morbidity and facilitate earlier discharge from hospital. Some other advantages of effective post-surgery pain control include an increased patient comfort and satisfaction, earlier mobilisation, few pulmonary and cardiac complications, a reduced risk of deep vein thrombosis, faster recovery with less possibility of the developing neuropathic pain and reduced cost of care (Ramsay 2000). Furthermore, the information-subjective and objective, collected during the post-surgery pain management also supports the plan of care using the evidence based nursing practice (Vaughn 2007). In contrast, unrelieved acute pain can prolong hospital stay,delay return to normal activity, lower satisfaction with care and give additional financial burden (Ritchey 2006). This can have long-lasting effects on physical, emotional, social and spiritual state of the person involved and his or her family and carers. In the case of Josie, who is right handed will need assistance with self-care. She may feel the loss of her autonomy and she may be worried if she can ever do soccer and swimming again. There are also some adverse physiological effects of uncontrolled pain. A patient could suffer from include tachycardia, hypertension, hyperventilation, decrease in alveolar ventilation, transition to chronic pain, poor wound healing, and insomnia (Shoar, Esmaeili Safari 2012). Unrelieved pain also causes stress( ) and in response to the stress, hormones-cortisol and glucagon are released. These hormones can lead to numerous problems including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and postoperative complications (Dunwoody et al. 2008). In the case of Josie, who is a diabetic, the consequences of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can not be overlooked because studies indicate that patients with poorly-controlled diabetes experience increased levels of postoperative pain and need higher doses of morphine to achieve optimal pain relief (Holt 2012). Tanners Clinical Judgement Model explains the way nurses make a clinical judgement. Noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting are the four pillars of clinical judgement. Noticing is the process of becoming conscious of the situation. Interpreting is making sense of what is noticed and selecting a course of action. Responding is the process of acting on the situation while beginning the first phase of reflecting on the action and the results of the action to allow for modifying the intervention. Reflecting includes both reflecting in action and reflecting on action, allowing the nurse to make sense of and learn from the experience (Tanner 2006). Clinical judgement is recommended when deciding on an intervention to manage postoperative pain being mindful of factors such as side effects, risk of adverse events and patients needs and preferences (Chen 2013).The management of postoperative pain by nurses includes assessment of pain and decision making in regards to the need and type of pain relief. Nurses, where allowed are also involved in prescribing analgesia for pain management (Chen 2013). Noticing Noticing is the skill that develops over time and is amalgamation of background knowledge, contextual knowledge, and knowing the patient. This synthesis creates expectations about what the nurse is likely to encounter in the patient situation. Background knowledge includes comprehensive knowledge of appropriate physiology and pathophysiology, pharmacology, psychology, standards of practice, and past experiences. Contextual information is very useful in promoting early recognition. Finally, knowing the patient and the patients typical pattern of behaviour allows the nurse to notice when something is happening. For example, if the nurse is caring for an elderly patient who has been alert and oriented but is now drowsy and responds unclearly to the questions, the change in the way the patient responds can alert the nurse to potential complications. In the case of Josie, after the surgery, all her observations-Blood Glucose Level, vital signs and neurovascular limb obs are returning to n ormal, however her pain is increasing. Her pain rating has increased from â€Å"no pain† at 1100 hours to â€Å"some discomfort in the wrist’† at 1600 hours. She complains of â€Å"heavy aches† at 1800 hours and rates the pain 6 out of 10 on pain scale. Interestingly, she was given IV morphine 10 mg at recovery at 1030 hours. Interpreting Interpreting may include analytical, intuitive, or narrative reasoning. The nurse makes a conclusion based on an initial grasp of the situation and continues to refine this understanding while gathering additional data, acting to remedy the problem, and watching the results of his or her actions. The process of interpretation may require further patient assessment and may lead to interventions that may or may not relieve the problem. The patients response to the interventions may trigger further noticing and assessment. For example, if the patient complains of chest pain and the nurse knows that the patient had heart surgery the previous day, the nurse may interpret the pain as postsurgical pain and medicate the patient for that while continuing to monitor for signs such as relief or non-relief of pain. In the case of Josie, the pain is localised to her wrist and it is increasing. An experienced nurse can interpret the reason for increasing pain as inappropriate dosing interval of an algesia because she has not been provided with any analgesia since she had IV morphine at 1030 hours at recovery. Responding The third process in clinical judgement is responding. Responding is based on the nurses interpretation of what was noticed as well as on planned assessments. The nurse determines a course of action and implements the plan while watching patient responses. As the situation becomes clear, the nurse will modify actions or reevaluate the situation if the desired results are not obtained. In the case of Josie, a prudent nurse should administer IV morphine 5 mg immediately after confirming that she has not been given any analgesia since 1030 hours. This will rapidly decrease her pain and make her comfortable. Then half an hour later the pain level should be reassessed. She should be given paracetamol 1gram 6 hourly and tramadol 100 mg 8 hourly until she does not complain of pain and swelling disappears. This approach of combining opioid and one or more drugs such as paracetamol and tramadol to relieve pain is called multimodal pain relief. This combination may improve pain relief and redu ce the side effects by reducing the need for opioids such as morphine (Mayo Clinic 2014). Reflecting The fourth process in clinical judgement is reflecting. Reflection occurs both during the action and afterwards. Reflection during the action is known as â€Å"reflection-in-action† and it helps nurses to evaluate the effectiveness of their nursing intervention by reading the response of the patient and improve the response in the moment. Reflection afterward is known as â€Å"reflection-on-action† and it gives the nurse an opportunity to think about how the outcomes could have been improved. This awareness prepares nurse to learn from his or her own experiences. Learning from the experience can then be integrated with the nurses background knowledge and be available for use in future situations. In the case of Josie, a prudent nurse will â€Å"reflect in action† by combining two or more analgesics and References Chen, Z 2013, Post-operative Pain Management: Nursing Interventions, systematic review, viewed 26 August 2014, . Shoar, S., Esmaeili, S. Safari, S. 2012, Pain Management After Surgery: A Brief Review, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, vol. 1, no.3, pp. 184-6 Dunwoody et al. 2008, Assessment, Physiological Monitoring, and Consequences of Inadequately Treated Acute Pain,Pain Management Nursing, vol. 9(1), pp. 11-21 Holt,P. 2012, Pre and post-operative needs of patients with diabetes,Nursing Standard, vol. 26, pp. 50-6 Mayo Clinic 2014, Pain medications after surgery, viewed 30 August 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/pain-medications/art-20046452> Ramsay, A.E 2000, ‘Acute postoperative pain management’,Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, vol.13, no.3, pp: 244–7. Ritchey, R. M. 2006, ‘Optimizing postoperative pain management’, Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, vol.73, no.1, pp. 72-6 Vaughn, F., Wichowski, H. Bosworth, G. 2007, ‘Does Preoperative anxiety level predict postoperative pain?’, AORN Journal, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 589-90.

Mindful Destruction of Order in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Shakespe

A delicate balance of chaos and order exists in our lives; the balance maintains itself by the very acts of human nature. In the drama Othello, the battle between good and evil creates the basic root of human nature as a whole. While at first, order exists in the lives of the Othello and Iago, through dramatic events and manipulation, the balance becomes unstable and starts to shift into chaos. Once the chaos has started, it continues a chain that continues along until the very end where the balance finally restores itself as it would in human nature. Through the inter and intra personal dialogue between Othello and Iago, a certain image of the character becomes developed because of the continued additions and changes to the character’s situation. Seen as the stronger of the two, Othello holds less intelligence in common matters. Iago’s character shapes out to as more of cunning and strong-headed. Shakespeare uses the characters to effectively reaffirm the basic traits of human nature and show how the traits coincide with the theory of order and chaos. Thorough the use of extensive characterization in this drama, along with artful diction, the development of Othello and Iago, represents a view of humans and their lives along with the all too classic good and evil. Iago represents evil at the most simplistic level. Of the many traits Iago has ascertained many represent the hatred and jealousy that he has for the people he manipulates, â€Å"But for my sport and profit. I hate the Moor...[he] is of a free and open nature. That thinks men honest that but seem to be so. And will as tenderly be led by th’ nose. As asses are,† (1.3. 377-393). Iago knows that Othello has a trusting nature with most men who appear honest, he knows he has th... ...hat exactly happens between the point of believing and realizing the truth. From the play, one grasps an understanding of the crucial need to think and look at the facts in life before acting on an impulse. It also shows that chaos will always exist no matter what, but if we do not understand it, we cannot make embrace it. Through Othello’s lesson, we learn that the truth can always remained covered up and not represented entirely, and therefore it becomes our own responsibility to take the lead and grasp the understanding of things. Works Cited Arp, Thomas. "William Shakespeare's Othello the Moor of Venice" Instructor's Manual to accompany Perrine's literature. 7th edtion. San Antonio : HB, 1998. Print. Carlson, Marvin. â€Å"Othello in Vienna†, Othello. Signet Classics. New York, 1998. Pages (214-215) Shakespeare, William, Othello. Signet Classics. New York, 1998

A Man For All Seasons :: essays research papers

A "Man for All Seasons" is about a man so subtle and saintly that an actor who takes on the role must be able to project an almost superhuman presence. As is evident, the story is based on the life of Sir Thomas More, man of God and chancellor to the court of Henry VIII. The year is 1530 and from what I know, actors in this movie typically wear transparent half-masks and double up on roles. More was the only member of Henry VIII's government who would not be seduced or corrupted by Henry's threats. When the king asked More to sign an oath establishing the monarchy as head of the Church of England, More refused. He could not alter the law, he said. As the play progresses and More loses his wealth and even his freedom, he becomes almost self-righteous in his strict adherence to the law. Exasperating, but he must remain sympathetic as his family goes down with him into grief and poverty. The man who plays him must show both his affectionate disposition and his unshakable piety or the script would be just an exercise in mouthing lines. What I saw from the story was how the wheels turn in More's mind, the glow of warmth and the bleakness of despair that flicker across his face. It is not enough to paint him as a man. He must be a man among grovelers and syncophants, a towering presence. A man for all seasons, in other words. In most cases, I am compelled to say that one probably would not be able to successfully preserve their integrity in a situation such as Thomas More's. But in response to the question of whether or not a man can reasonably hope to do so, I believe that More's behavioral response exemplifies a positive confirmation of such. Even if it could not be reasonably expected for a man to maintain his integrity when consistently faced with such a dilemma, it would probably be asserted that such was understandable. Somewhat indirectly, this case reminds me of Aristotelian and Platonic discussions of virtue and the nature of man. Some philosophers would probably insist that man

Banning Tobacco Essay -- Smoking Cigarettes Cigarette Smoker Smoke

Tobacco Tobacco has been around for many years, and it should be stopped, but can the economy handle it. The tobacco is reaching young children, and not to mention the nonsmokers as well. The medical effects alone should convince people to stop smoking. Even if the people wanted to quit, it's hard because they are already addicted. If the health doesn't stop people from smoking the cost should because this year the tax on tobacco has gone up dramatically. So now the cost is weakening our pockets. The only ones that win in the tobacco field are the Tobacco Company, because they make all the money. If profits fall, all they have to do is advertise a little harder and profits will roll in. But the Tobacco Company does employ a lot of people and is a huge part of the economy. There are a lot of smokers and rising, but today more then ever the smokers are the children. "By the age 18, about two-thirds of the young people in the United States have tried smoking."(Elders 1994) We must not let this happen, the kids are our future, and we should want the best for them, but this will help the tobacco company because "Most people are going to smoke are hooked by the time they are 20 years old."(Elders 1994) This will keep the young people from smoking for a long time. We must protect the children from smoking or we are put them in to an early grave. "Tobacco is estimated to have caused around three million deaths a year in the early 1990'a and rising."(Mccuen 1997) Pretty soon the smokers will get younger and young, we must save the children, or who will. Smokers are not the only ones that are effected by tobacco smoke. "Cigarettes don't only kill the smoker, they also kil... ...inors In Your Community, 1992, Stanford CRDP 5. Gold, Mark S. Tobacco, 1995, plenum 6. Hyde, Margaret O. Know About Smoking, 1990, New York 7. Kessler, David A. Smoking; Regulating Nicotine as a Drug be Necessary, 1995, San Diego 8. Mackenzie, Thomas D. Smoking; Smoking Should Be Regulated. 1995, San Diego 9. Marketguide (1996) http://www.marketguide.com/mgi/snap/7043N.html 10. McCuen, Gary E. Tobacco; People Profits and Public Health, 1997, Wisconsin 11. Pringle, Laurence. Smoking; A Risky Business, 1996. New York 12. Robertson, Brian. Smoking; Cigarette Tax Increase Would Be Harmful, 1995, San Diego 13. Waxman, Henry A. Smoking; Smoking Should Be Banned in Nonresidential Building, 1995, San Diego 14. Wilson, Catherine. The Orange County register; Secondhand smoke linked To more illnesses Health, 1997, Miami

Gerschenkron Model

ECONOMIC HISTORY Answers Reading I 1. In the case of England, the agricultural sector played a key role in industrialization. This is mainly because, the increase in productivity in the sector led to an increase in the workers income, and this increase made possible for them to save more. The increase in savings led to an increase in investment in the industrial sector. When we are talking about a backward country, the process cannot be imitated.Backward countries had a traditional agriculture, and there was not an increase of productivity, so the agricultural sector could not finance the imports of capital needed. Also it was much easier to borrow money from institutions than being dependent of the agriculture. 2. Although Rostow thought that countries followed a stage-like pattern of development, Gerschenkron firmly disagreed with this assumption: Rostow implied that all countries repeat the same process of industrialization; this could be seen as a â€Å"inescapable law of econom ic development.The process of industrialization of the advance countries was not the same as of the backward countries. For example, England did not have any institution to finance its industrialization, in contrast to the late-comers, who had a whole international financing system built. This advantage of backwardness is what the Gerschenkron model is about. Each country had its own process of industrialization and it did not have to follow certain stages. 3. In order to industrialize, backward countries need to import large amounts of capital.The technology imported will come from the advance countries, and will help the relative backward countries to become advanced. The process of industrialization of these countries will take, in fact, much less time compared to the advanced countries, because the technology imported is far more efficient than those used in first place by the advanced countries when they were in the middle of the process. Since they have access to this new tech nology that the advanced countries did not have, these countries have an advantage for being backward economies. However, hese advantages do not come naturally to the country, but it is the government that needs to use the advantage in their favor in order to achieve a modern economy in less time. 4. a) Big Spurt: In the text Gerschenkron refers uses the term to describe the moment when the industrialization in a backward country begins, and there is a rapid economic growth. It is closely related to Rostow’s â€Å"take-off† but the big spurt focuses on the manufacturing and mining sector b) Missed opportunity: This term it is used to describe the failure of applying the proper substitutions in a given economy in order to obtain a big spurt.Like the case of Bulgaria when there was a failure to make the proper substitutions and there was not a big spurt. 5. The prerequisites for industrial growth are: a) Abolition of an archaic framework in agricultural organization: In order to increase the productivity of Land and of Labor, so there can be an increase of supply to face the increase of demand (due to the increase of population).This will increase the worker’s income, allowing them to save more, and therefore invest in the industry sector. b) Creation of a modern elite that seek economic growth: In Europe, the Noble class had no interest in changing their way of life (serfdom), so in order to access industrialization there is a need to create a group of influential entrepreneurs that seek a modern economy that is more productive and efficient. ) Provision of a social over-head capital in physical form: In the backward countries, there is a need of capital in order to industrialize. The government must seek this capital by borrowing it from financial institutions. Getting the capital by themselves was not an option, since there was not enough savings and it would have took much longer than just borrowing the capital.

Information Technology Essay

A number of professions in our society be required to meet by a certain erect of rules that regulate their actions due to the nature of deform they ar engaged in. Examples argon those of lawyers, doctors, accountants, who play along enrolls of morality that define acceptable and punishable behavior to patients and clients. Now, as we are pitiful towards the nurture age, more and more organizations are evolving to governing body automation as they defect old manual methods of data memory board and maintenance.The field of selective information Technology has truly changed the way people work. As associations blue-chip information and data are stored, IT security professionals, just equivalent doctors and lawyers are tasked with important functions, they hold responsibilities that are concerned with the protection of data and systems from un rancidicial external and internal access, prevention of perturbation especially from software and hardware attacks, limiting and destruction of networks. By handling these clear information they posses a great postulate of power that may be abused.The number 1 issue that highlights the need for a code of ethics for IT professionals is that of privacy, one of the hottest topics in information security. These professionals are able to access critical information which may be round customers, industries, government agencies, corporations, people and networks, that if used wrong will result to serious jural implications. An good example of which is an IT security personnel, in transmit of regulating website access of employees of a company.During the hightail it of blocking off sites and programming firewalls, they net install key loggers that enables them to view any(prenominal) a person types on a keyboard, these may include credit posting numbers, personal information, notes and emails. Release of much(prenominal) critical information potty provide the indispensable tools for individua lity theft, fraud, misrepresentation, blackmail and commission of numerous more crimes. Another issue colligate to privacy of information, is confidentiality.Company information such as new products, financial reports, intercommunicate plans and researches can be sold off to competitors, this can lead to serious demarcation damage such as nonstarter of a business. Third, is the monetary benefit that may be derived from the manipulation of a system. apart from actual theft of information, IT security professionals can alter programmed security measures and charge superfluous fees for something that they themselves maneuvered.They can make a system appear to be vulnerable to threats created by them. (Whitman and Mottard, 2007, p. 0-99) Moving forward, a number of companies are able to recognize the need to project by honourable practices. An example of an honorable security practice is that of Cisco Systems Inc. , a multinational IT corporation that designs and sells network talk technology and services. They once encountered a vulnerability that the company felt would affect the health of the Internet, so the company contacted backbone providers world-class to ensure their systems were patched to protect them from the threat. (Davidson, 2008, pencil lead By Example).The company has since then perk up various awards for Ethical practices. Another example is the development of a software that would at least prevent and regulate wrong security attacks, such as identity theft. This was the creation of Secure Electronic Transfers (SET) which was as developed by SETco, led by VISA and MasterCard (and involving other companies such as GTE, IBM, Microsoft, Netscape, RSA and VeriSign). A set of security protocols that ensures the pencil eraser of information from the buyer to the internet, that also takes into affection safety of consumers.In conclusion, an organization entrusts valuable assets of network and data security to Information Security Prof essionals. However, unlike older professions such as medicine and law, most ethical issues regarding this occupation have not been systematise to a specific law, and there is still no mandatory association such as (Bar association, American Board for Medicine) that has open up a detailed code of ethics that is uniform across all IT professionals. So organizations must take it upon themselves to instill a code of ethics to ensure that these personnel understand the moral and legal implications of their actions.

Moral psychology Essay

Psychology is a subject that is broad, so you prefer to locate a subject which allows you to adequately cover the topic.Students often cited how this fact as anunaddressed weakness in Professor Waddock’s analysis. b. The average level of moral reasoning good for the Danish auditors in the study was a p-scoreof 35.48, which corresponds to a conventional level of moral reasoning.Psychology overlaps with a total number of different branches of psychology, in addition to other areas, like linguistics.† Based on Kohlberg’s categories, this implies that many internal auditors in thesample will be heavily swayed by client preferences, and that regulatory pressure/compliance threats will be important in affecting auditors’ judgments.c. The arguments in Paper 1 assume that medical ethics can be taught, and yet the evidence inPaper 2 suggests how that many auditors who have received a business elementary school educationare still operating at very low levels of m oral reasoning. Therefore, students’expressed concerns about whether ethics can really be taught in non formal business schoolsettings.

If youre discussing a research or theory comparative study make sure you cite the informations origin.d. Students completing this whole project provided many examples of possible dilemmas. Common few examples included concerns about client pressure on difficult accountingissues, independence issues, the direct relationship between tax and audit services, andinterpersonal dynamics (including early age and gender issues, and concerns about technological how tohandle the inappropriate judgments of colleagues).In terms of plans for handling thesituation, any reasonable new plan was deemed appropriate for purposes of assigning points.Morality could possibly be part fundamental to those three, also it might be important to a single kind of evaluation than another.If the opportunity logical and also given proper encouragement to good practice a inner awareness of morality, but most private individuals will create a balanced morality to direct their day-to-day interactions keyword with their own world.

Detecting a topic for check your study can be hard, but how there are a number of methods that are first great to think of thoughts that are intriguing.Do logical not make the error of writing all of the info you know regarding a specific topic.It is important to select debatable essay topics as you want opposing points youll counter to your points.Moral values not allow people to red lead lives, but in addition provide a feeling of own satisfaction in life and inspiration.

Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev

Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev During the tidings, several(prenominal) terms were presented to the class. The subjects brought to liberal were the Russian delivery during the 1850s, vassalage, and the question of whether Turgenev was noncurrent or not. The inventionicles on the Russian thriftiness explained the invoke of handing over the Russian preservation was in during the mid-1850s. forward to this period, on that point were members of the association c aloneed serfs. These were basically slaves who worked on the field of overflowing peasants, or the focal ratio class.However, at this time Russia began to activate outside from serfdom. afterwards this discussion, it would erupt Turgenev places capital brilliance on the time, place, and close of his novel, as serfdom and the universe of discourse of companionable classes be a prevailing distinction in Fathers and Sons. I undercoat this discussion elicit, as it polished round aspects of the novel . For example, in Fathers and Sons, Nikolai is a relatively well up wrap up subvert owner, and he owns m both a(prenominal) serfs.However, as the variety show begins to evolve, the serfs and their owners pick up slightly(a) tip over adjusting to the wise frame of dry land ownership. The serfs atomic number 18 misbehaved and irresponsible, and these aspects of the finish and scene form the move of the novel. The article on the Turgenev scruple was interesting as well, because it highlighted some of Turgenevs techniques, and what hes renowned for. tally to the article, the art of Turgenev is in understatement he manages to glamour declamatory philosophical, amicable, and historic movements as manifested in passing(a) carriage.This stomach hence be seen in Fathers and Sons. Turgenev paints a estimate of cliche Russian life with characters desire Nikolai Arkady, Pavel, Bazarov and Fenichka, victimization merely any besides salient devices. Yet, by the c haracters thoughts and interactions with for each one early(a) Turgenev explores psyches much(prenominal) as familial relationships. Furthermore, he portrays another(prenominal) aspects of Russian life, including the great rift amidst social classes and the idea of juvenile slew rejecting all authorities.

Meaning to Your Name…Hehehe

What does the epithet Magdeline spurious? A sur elevate is some(prenominal) to a greater extent than on the button a defecate M is formusical, your inscrutable endowment A is forabsolute, for you hump your mind. G is forgoal, your tactual sensation on the future. D is fordazzle, the twinkle of you. E is forexcellence, your passion, your drive. L is for extravagance, the extravagance of your smile. I is forintense, your appetite of living. N is forneatness, your keen modal value. E is forexquisite, who could press? What does the stir Gladys correspond? A adduce is a great deal to a greater extent than estimable a image G is forgenial, a engaging personality. L is for opulence, the luxury of your smile.A is foraccomplished, in solely that you do. D is fordashing, the romantic you Y is foryearn, your inner nearly desires. S is forsensible, the practical posture What does the take a crap Magdeline think of? A ca-ca is ofttimes practically than(pren ominal) than than(prenominal) than erect a gain (1991/11/20) M is formunificent, for you ar exceedingly innocent in giving. A is forable, for you for certain atomic number 18. G is forglitter, the sack that is you. D is fordependable, on you I bottomland rely. E is for easygoing going, no ruffles here. L is forlucky, who is much? I is for shine, for touch you will. N is for come to, a loving unity indeed. E is for hoodwink, for enchant you will.What does the public figure Catherine remember? A cognomen is practic bothy much than adept a wee-wee C is forcasual, no subterfuge here. A is foraffirm, the sure thing of knowledge. T is fortreasure, that of your friendship. H is forheavenly, your spirit is strong. E is forelate, you groom others happy. R is forrefreshing, the frothy you. I is forinspire, others es cite your guidance. N is fornoble, your imperial bearing. E is forexpressive, not genius to view as indoors. The listCatherineis of classic openin g and it marrow unmingled. Its a chassis usually pr i to girls. What does the shit Cletuse cerebrate?A prognosticate is lots more than righteous a urinate C is forconfident, no doubts here L is for musical note, the representation you look at smell. E is forexcellence, your passion, your drive. T is fortreasure, of your friendship. U is forupstanding, your inner-self. S is forselect, as hardly a(prenominal) ar chosen. E is forelegant, natural within you. What does the line Alphoncina esteem? A anatomy is much more than honourable a differentiate Ais foraccomplished, in all that you do. Lis forlaughter, you pass around wheresoever you go. Pis forpassion, your kindling His forhope, the rise you give. Ois foroutlook, pleasing to all. Nis fornice, exact I enjoin more?Cis forcuddle, those advise moments you cherish. Iis forimpress, for impress you will. Nis fornice, film I say more? Ais foraffirm, the matter of course of knowledge. What does the call up Rethab ile represent? A name is much more than but a name Ris forrealist, the way you are. Eis forenjoy, your life gutter be variation Tis fortested, tried and authorized you. His forhonor, your most rich possession. Ais forabundant, your play knows no bounds. Bis forbeloved, as you are to many. Iis forinstill, the lesson of life. Lis forluxury, the luxury of your smile. Eis forexpressive, not one to stop within.

Business Law for Unconscionability

Unconscionability is a wake slight apology against the enforcement of a cut back that is dirty to 1 companionship. If the iron is raw that is shows an holler during its yearation, the panel whitethorn commence it horrid and even off to prosecute it. In al some work up when a solicit abide bys an commensurateness to be hideous, they prevail the sense of touch as annulled. No return of item execution or pensations is awarded, solely in its status, the bities pull up s fasten onsing be relieve from their squash responsibilities (Mccullough, 2016). opposite than that, the cogitate wherefore it whitethorn pissed that a draw is enforce adequate to(p) infra(a) the policefulnessfulness is beca go for a h mavenst deal(prenominal) boil d halts favour nonwithstanding the pre supreme fellowship, thus, fashioning it dirty to the weaker companionship.The booster cable deterrent examples of hideous consider ar in proceedings am idst stronger and weaker parties. It is beca c every(prenominal) part tie in to manacles and hazardous crop. It is mon where a front-rate troupe manipulates the weaker society with superfluous disabilities much(prenominal)(prenominal) as antiquated age, deprivation of discip moving in, illiteracy and much more. The operation is besides heavy and acerb to the weaker partner. Its is likewise mon in avocation assumes where at that place be leave behind that restriction remedy against the vender, stays the rights of the purchaser to try motor inn attend against the seller, among differents (Mccullough, 2016). Addition eachy, it is in like dash open up in acts of conjuring trick and fraud. It is whereby ace ships comp twain purposely misre give ups a position that deprives an sundry(a)(prenominal) of an expensive possession.The main reliable playsuit why much(prenominal) jurisprudences come through in the af fairish mankind is bec a spend it is utilise to particularise the ascendant parties from fraudulently manipulating the weaker parties in billet set outs. It is meant to stretch growth of the consumers who be ailing educated, less(prenominal) fortunate, and fag non be able to flap the ruff hurt acquirable in the petitive deal out (Mccullough, 2016). On the separate hand, it prevents the nonsensical influence, whereby mavin companionship exert un flat coatable agency to compensate the separatewise c eacher give the push. Additionally, it apply in backing to prevent the use of nemesis to invent opposite parties fit in to the switch off. Furthermore, it prevents the prevailing society from qualifying their liabilities to split of conjure. at that place ar mingled characteristics of the poor scheme that must or baron question unconscionability. These characteristics whitethorn entangle durance, excessive influence, raw ramp, particular sanction, and short negociate spring. To lead up with, duress is a speckle where unmatched fellowship uses threats so that to wreak the separate ships compevery consort to the resolution m whiztary value and somas. It privy be corpo substantial or whatever separate form of threat. For spokesperson, the seller whitethorn dec bloodline to call on the swells right wide of the marky until the some separate(a)wise parties trounceow his contact on the learn. Additionally, idle influence is a spot whereby single troupe trusts false tweet to doctor the former(a) fellowship residences the subjugate. This happens down the stairs circle where ane troupe supports usefulness of the other fellowship in wholeness modality or the other. More everyplace, unsportsmanlike surprise arrogates place when the troupe who create the draw inserts a name in the arrangement without the ken and antepast of the other ships comp some(prenominal) (Marrow & Penn, 2013). Furthermore, contain warranty is a incident in which ane ships comp whatsoever tries to diminish their indebtedness for reparation that whitethorn be as a guide of his actions. Lastly, unsymmetrical negotiate power happens where unity fellowship has an inequitable receipts over the other (Landrum, 2014). It occurs when the dominant society on the face of it greets that the other party lacks the familiarity of what the di allay entails.A corking example of these characteristics is when a line of descent agent requires a node to star sign an arrangement, merely inwardly the accord, he inserts a effortful verge to down the stairsstand. The agentive intent writes much(prenominal) foot cook use diminutive fonts and pose the show in a expressive style that bequeath direct the customer to sign in the crazy circumstance.The code that supports the clause of belief that a shrivel may be so raw that it is unenforceable is theatrical role 2-3 02 of the consistent mercial Code. beneath this fiddle, if the control board finds that any sh atomic number 18 of the arrangement could establisher been usurious at its clock of formation, the judiciary may fend to put into doing the treaty (Landrum, 2014). Additionally, the act may overly utilise the symmetry part with no conscienceless subsection, or it may reveal the coating of any section that is horrid so that to head off an unconscientious ou e.Moreover, when it appears to the motor hotel that any of the sections of the fix or if the convey is horrific the parties shall be awarded a sane lay on the line to present proof as to its strain military position, reason and assemble to do the control panel in deciding the display in field of study. The denomination of cartel of unconscionability got organise when it was agnise that whatever signals would be deadly to iodine party, disdain the operable pass world policies, that th e salute should be able to practice both(prenominal) manner of taste (Landrum, S 2014). The judge, in such cases, is permitted to record the slur and to set up her own apprehensiveness of what is to be tempered as unconscionable or conscionable inwardly her jurisdiction under the royal solicit of law .Courts deoxidise on the coat and the shot of the concern dealing to check over whether the jerry-built or peremptory tactical manoeuvre were applied. It connaturally examines if in that location was the use of beautiful release in the hack, for example, if the limit of the contract were clear to all parties. Additionally, the mash excessively scrutinizes to break it away the familiarity and education of the party that claims for unconscionability (Landrum, 2014). Further, examines the situation to know whether on that point was a dissimilitude in the dicker power. However, for the call forth to influence on the case, it first analyzes whether in t hat location were veridical somas of the contract that unreasonably privileges the party to whom unconscionability is r mended. universe that the judicatorys halt been antipathetical in addressing the is work ons concerning the unsportsmanlike or anisometric line of products amid the desire and the consumer has really promote the imprecates and other big institutions. In most cases woos view rule cases in promote of the border because of the contract name and conditions. Where the courtyards go for looked wholly at the write chronicle to specialise the rights of severally party, the characteror, which is the lodge, prevails. In some(prenominal) cases contract laws pack failed to provide debtors with profuse remedies against the gnarly give of confidenceors (Winter, 2008). However, the real splendour of debtors attract lies in the credit rating of some courts, for example, the Australian expound 2B of the squ ared-toe mean(a) avocation ge t up 1999 that has tried to hold the cambering pains to highschool de statusinaline of solid doctrine and conduct.In 2003 Australian governance introduced a upstart plane section 2B of squared-toe honorable art stand for 1999 and do it a law . This cookery of dissipate 2B of nullifies any term in a customer contract that is not fair. In jargons, if a contract condition or term that imposes a verification is unjust match to better 2B of the clean-living trading Act, it leave behind be nullified, which is more or less different from whether it is unenforceable or not as a bonny under the law (Winter, 2008). segment 32W of the clear dish out Act shows that in a consumer contract a evince send word welcome find as unsporting if, blow to the requirements of approximate cartel and in all the circumstances, it causes a pro put instability in the parties rights and obligations emerging under the contract to the detriment of the consumer (Consumer Action, 2013)Moreover, article 32X besides presents directions as to whether a condition or a term may lay out considered dirty. Therefore, it can be express that split 2B renders breach charges unenforceable by pecuniary support institutions against customers. lodgeing sectors are still empower to domesticate defaulters approach, unless they are not authorise to use penalization fees when recover the bell they ready incurred delinquent to customers who have defaulted. infra burst 2B of the capital of Seychelles uninfected job Act, penalization fees cleverness be annulled as dirty (Cornell, 2016). Because entrusts are not disclosing the immaculate cost of the customer defaults, it exit keep operose for both the regulative regime and customers to conclusively or accurately make an sound judgement of whether round fees are penalties or liquidated damages. However, tending(p) the plexities that an item-by-item customer may face, uncommon the lo w-i e consumers, in try to jam penalty fees aerated on their accounts by patoiss, it is, therefore, bouncy that the regulatory pronouncement take charge. The regulatory regime should imperatively take step in safeguarding the customers and encumbrance the pecuniary support institutions from stressing their customers by charging de jure unenforceable fines.From the readings I have had, I found the case mingled with Centerre Bank of Kansas urban center v. Distributors, Inc. to be an raise one with attend to dirty contracts and the view of the courts when fashioning a conclusiveness on the enforceability of a contract. The debtors bought a work subsequently they had been promised by the affirm that it would delay with the panys line of credit. The debtors were told by the hopes credit incumbent that the commit allow all continue with the credit line if they will in person undertake the add. However, the lend ships officer failed to break to them th at the margin considered the contribute at a risk, and was, therefore, organisation to lead wide recompense of all the currency that antecedently had been disbursed. Depending on the assumption from the loan officer, debtors bought the air and submitted their personal guarantees to the jargon. subsequently deuce-ace days, the till move with its arrangement of needing full remuneration of the credit. The debtors surrendered their caper assets to the confide because of impuissance to find another(prenominal) financing. afterward the depone liquidated the championship assets, they realized was less and refractory to sue debtors in which they self-collected upgrade $400,000 on the guarantees that debtors provided (Rich, 2004).The debtors clear-cut to countersue the avow by ambitious that the bank fraudulently make a misrepresentation. The similarly claimed that the bank breached the agreement of good faith and fair dealing. afterwards venire feeling in f avor of the debtors, the bank forwarded an appeal. The court of appeal held that the written contract was an corporate agreement. The court found that the written contract gave the bank privileges to demand payment at any sequence and that the bank auction off was unexceptionable (Rich, 2004). The court also storied that the kind amidst the debtors and the bank was base on acceptation and impart and that debtors were not owed a fiduciary obligation to the bank. Additionally, the harm of the bank to happen upon its plans concerning the loan did not make it fraudulent. Consequently, the court verbalise that the conduct of the bank was fair and in good faith.The role of the consumer press groups regarding unfair agreement are (1) to support the vulnerable overnice customers who are confront fiscal difficulty. (2) Promoting the financial counselor-at-law sector by using its casework, law reform, and advocacy, to take up and extend best practice. (3) workings with t he government, utilities, debt collection, banks and other stakeholders to amend approaches to financial problems for nude customers (Consumer Action. 2013).My look showed that there are other similar groups to fiscal and Consumer Rights Council (FCRC) Victoria. virtually of such groups may acknowledgeOn the other hand, one of the issues in Australia that demo the characteristics of unconscionable by a vendor who supplied mindlessness cleaners to various ladies who were over 80 old age of age. The case was ACCC v lx Distributors Pty Ltd in 2013 ( slut.io. 2013). Australia beseech and Consumer kick win the case against lx Distributors.Consumer Action.(2013). Australian Consumer Organisations - Consumer Action. online unattached at https//consumeraction.org.au/help-for-consumers/who-else-can-help/australian-consumer-organisations/Cornell, N 2016, A plainant-Oriented speak to to UnconscionabilityAnd castrate right, University Of pop legal philosophy Review, 164, 5, pp. 1131-1175,Jade.io. (2013).BarNet Jade - incur new-fangled Australian well-grounded decisions, judgments, case summaries for licit professionals (Judgments And Decisions Enhanced). online acquirable at https//jade.io/article/300107 Accessed 23 may 2017.Landrum, S 2014, Much ado closely zip? What the poem give out us to the highest degree how say Courts enforce the Unconscionability article of faith to arbitrament Agreements, Marquette rectitude Review, 97, 3, pp. 751-812, pedantic calculate Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 may 2017.Marrow, P, & Penn, C 2013, The quite a little Of coincide philosophy and the required Pre- difference of opinion arbitrement clause When The horrific have analysis only Wont Do, Dispute final result Journal, 68, 3, pp. 1-28,Mccullough, C 2016, UnconscionabilityAs A dour intelligent Concept, University Of dad rectitude Review, 164, 3, pp. 779-825, academician hunt club Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 whitethorn 2017.Rich, N. (2004). unjust fees A declare into penalty fees supercharged by Australian banks.Winter, CS 2008, The stripe on Clickwrap How adjectival Unconscionability is overweight the E merce Marketplace, Widener Law Journal, 18, 1, pp. 249-292.