Saturday, January 25, 2020
Philips: Marketing, Launch and Sales Processes
Philips: Marketing, Launch and Sales Processes One of the most essential parts of managing a successful company is how successfully it manages to launch and market a new product in the market. It depends on the company whether they want marketing to be done individually for every product or in a set for a group of similar line products. The main reason of promoting a new product is to attract new customers to the company and make majority of your target market aware of the companys latest product. Without that there is a very minimum chance of you getting the attention of your focus group. Marketing is important for both, the product and the company that sells it. Branding is very important for the establishment and identity of a new product. Selling a product under a global brand gives your product worldwide recognition, which automatically helps in more sales. If the product is successful, you will have a product that sells for itself! Also, a new and innovative product gives more recognition to a brand and brings more audience. The product which I chose is a 3 in 1 kitchen appliance and the company I chose for the marketing, launch and sales of this product is Philips. Objective In this report, my goal is to find out how compatible is my product with the company I chose to sell it. I have to figure out how much that brand helps in establishing my product, and also that how my product is capable of increasing the brand value and audience of the respective company. For that I have done the company analysis and product analysis and finally the marketing strategy. Company background Philips is a world-wide renowned company for the simplicity and innovation they put in their products. The company has a rich profile, and some of its important aspects are briefly explained below. Philips marketing strategy Philips as a company believes in Improving peoples lives through meaningful innovations. Philips promotes themselves as a consumer-led company, thus all the RD (research development) processes are based on creating products that are aligned with the current needs and demands of the consumers. Philips distributes their products not only through physical stores but also through modern medium, like e-marketing, via their website. The company website provides detailed product information and prices, along with the latest promotional offers available. The website also helps in informing availability of their products in different countries world-wide. Products Philips has a wide product variety available for all types of customers in the market. Philips products are basically divided into the following categories- Mother and child care products: Feeding bottles, tethers and skin care products. Personal care: Shavers, hair styling products, hair removers, etc. Lighting: Apart from fixtures and mood lighting they also provide car lights. Recently they have started using LED lights. Audio and video products: Television, stereo, etc. Home appliances- Kitchen appliances, vacuum cleaner, ironing machine, etc. Phones desktops. Accessories: USB, remote control, electronic toothbrush, etc. Pricing strategy Philips uses Price differentiation strategy for setting price of their products. the price of Philips products are different in different countries, due to the use of different currencies and variation in the government regulations in different parts of the world. It is visible on Philips website also that there is a difference in the prices of the same product in different countries. Philips also uses the price differentiation strategy for a product in the same country. They will have different price for the same product, depending upon the version and quality of the product. Philips stores The main headquarters of Philips is located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Philips being a world renowned company, has its stores in more than 100 countries of the world (Australia New Zealand, Brazil, Canada, Mainland china, France, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Poland, US, etc.), divided into 5 regions- North America, Latin America, Middle-East Africa, Europe and Asia-pacific. They have special promotional activities like contests, discounts, coupons, etc. during all festive seasons, to boost their sales. Philips also manages their sales through E-commerce. Promotional schemes Philips promotes its brand and products through a lot of mediums. They use billboards, print media, electronic media and internet for advertising their product. Being such a big company Philips always has to maintain their unique and new PR strategies and campaigns. Some of the best examples of Philips campaigns are- The product launch of kitchen appliance Air fryer was very successful, as they promoted it as a product which helps in a healthy and convenient way of cooking. Another promotional campaign was for Aurea T.V., where they hired a model for the promotion, as their promotional theme for the T.V. was seduction by light. Type of audience Philips deals with a wide range of target market, differing in age, culture, sex, status, etc., but most of the customers are loyal because they are satisfied with the brand promise that Philips fulfil. Philips products are not for conservative or sceptic audience. Philips audience are the people who believe in the brand, but are also willing to try the new innovative products that Philips comes up with. Philips products can be used at any time of the family life- cycle. Thus people around the world buy 1 million Philips consumer products every day. Brand identity Philips is a very strong brand name. It has positioned itself as a high quality and innovative brand. Their tag line is sense and simplicity, and that is exactly what they deliver through their products. One of the very important features of Philips is that they make useful, healthy, eco-friendly and innovative products. Their mission is to make cities liable by providing healthcare products, managing essential resources (like lighting) and supporting independent living. Philips increased its brand value by 8% to USD 8.3 billion in 2008. It was ranked 43rd most valuable brand in the inter-brand 2008 ranking of best global brands. Competitors Now-a-days due to increasing industrialization there is immense competition in every industry. There are a lot of companies making same products and trying to sell it in the market. It is the same with Philips. Philips has some direct competitors like Samsung, L.G., Sony and Panasonic who all make a wide variety of products. Apart from that it has some indirect competitors for various products, like- PG and Braun for Male dry shaving appliances Oral B for Power toothbrush KENWOOD for Food Preparation KRUPS for Drip filter coffee Companys SWOT Strengths: Wide variety of consumer lifestyle products and home appliances. Strong research and development processes. Simplicity and innovation as the theme of every product Large number of loyal customers Present in many countries around the world. Reputed and renowned brand name. Large base of copyright patents. Weakness: Late in development of new products. Distribution channel is not extensive. Price is comparatively higher than the competitors. Opportunities: The ever changing needs and preferences of the market. Increasing awareness of environmental friendly products. Technological advancements. Changing government regulations. Threats: Increasing competition. Dealing in different currencies of the world. Economic recession in future leading to less product consumption. Adapting to the fast changing business environment. Product analysis- Product- The product is basically a 3 in 1 kitchen appliance. It consists of a coffee maker, toaster and a skillet. An additional accessory (spatula) is available with the product. The specifications of the product are as follows:untitled.46.jpg Materials: ABS plastic, non-stick metal skillet, rubber stands. Temperature control knob for toaster Color schemes: Pink white, yellow white, Blue black and Orange white. Dimension: PeopleKomal appliance 1.jpg The product is precisely targeted for audience who are always busy in their work life, and has no time in the hectic mornings to prepare a proper breakfast. The target market is bachelors who may be studying or working; or newlyweds. People who are innovators will definitely try this one. Acoording to the price, middle class and lower upper class will buy the product. Price This appliance is definitely cheaper than the price of a coffee maker, a toaster and a pan separately. Komal appliance 3.jpg Place As this a product for working generation, the placement should be done in metropolitan cities. This product has no boundaries of religion or community so it can be presented in any country which is developed or developing. A high end mall is very good place for this product, as every one visits malls on weekends. Promotion The key point for promotion will be its compact design and easy usage. This product is 3 in 1, thus it can do 3 tasks in the time of 1 and save time, which is the highlight of the product. The product will be marketed as The appliance of youth.br4dvb 5.jpg It can be launched in a set of color schemes and graphics. So any gender or culture audience can buy it. It can be promoted through commercials, print media and billboards. Side 1.jpg Komal appliance 2.jpg SWOT of the product Strength New and innovative concept Saves time and money due to its 3 in 1 applaince concept, which can attract the target market. Available in different colors and design, so audience has a freedom of choice. Simple interface and easy usability. Weakness Not fully developed and tested A large number of market is not the focus of product. Opportunity Can be advertised as The appliance for fast pace lifestyle Many features can be improvised and then the company can come up with a new and improved version of the product. There is no similar product in the market, so there is no comparison bar for setting the cost. Threat People may be apprehensive about a new concept, thus the product can fail in the market. There is no reason for audience to trust a new product without any brand name or garuntee. Possibility of the idea being copied by other companies. Marketing plan for product launch Competitors- Philips being a very reputed and experienced company in the household appliance sector has to face stiff competition from other companies, like BRAUN, Morphy Richards, etc. However the 3 in 1 appliance (coffee maker + toaster + skillet) is a novel idea which is first of its kind in the industry. This appliance, therefore, will give Philips the first mover advantage and competitive edge over its competitors. Target the ideal customers- The appliance has a limited range on the target customer profile, but under Philips, who has a very strong and loyal customer base, it will still have a large number of audiences fitting in the customer range. Below are the exact details of what the audience will be like. Age: 18- 30 year old is the main age group for this product. Household income: As this product is a worldwide launch, a fix house hold income cant be estimated. But the target market for this appliance is the families from upper middle class and lower upper class. Geographical location: The product is such that it can be used all around the world, by people of any nationality or culture. Philips products are sold in more than 100 countries around the world, thereby providing a huge customer base for the product. Work situation: the work situation of the target market can be of 2 types- Young adults staying away from their family for studies. People who have a 9 to5 job and very hectic mornings. Create a unique value proposition- This appliance has a lot of special features that set it apart from other company products and gives Philips an advantage of coming up with a one of its kind new and innovative appliance. Saves time: the product can perform three different tasks, meant for three different kitchen products, in the time of one, due to its 3 in 1 engineering feature. This saves a lot of time and energy of the user. it can be healthy in a way because those who used to skip there proper breakfast because of hectic mornings will now be able to get an ideal breakfast without compromising much on time. Saves money: It obviously saves a lot of money if you can just buy 1 product instead of three! Philips products are mostly a little high prized compared to other brands, because of its product quality and brand name. This may cause losing some customers who have a lower budget. But this 3 in 1 appliance is an exception, as it will cost efficient compared to the price range of other Philips products. here is the approximate difference- Good quality toaster (49 S$) + good quality coffee maker (49 S$) + an average skillet (50 S$) = approximately 150 S$ Whereas, the 3 in 1 appliance, roughly, will only costs around 80 S$, saving approximately 50- 70 S$. Compact design: In todays world everybody wants a product which consumes less space and is easily movable. Plus the ideal market for this product will potentially be the people living in apartments or condos, which mean they will not have a lot of space in their kitchen for bulky appliances. This product surely is a relief for them, because like all other Philips products, this one is also compact. Easy and quick: As all the processes of the appliance are engineered to be automatic and has storage for water / milk and coffee; there is any need of adding the ingredients every time you use the appliance. Easy cleaning: The material of the appliance is glossy plastic on the outside and the inner parts like the storage of coffee and water are detachable; also the skillet is removable. So it becomes very easy for the user to clean the appliance from outside and inside. Moreover, there are rubber stands under the appliance so that its easy to shift and clean the bottom surface of the product. Opportunity of choice: Philips has always given choices of colors to the users in most of their products. But this product is one step ahead. It not only has color preferences but also comes in 3 different graphics on the outer body- plain, waves and floral designs. People always love to be able to choose their favourite from all the given choices, than being forced to buy a product which has no color/ design preferences. Uniformity: The product can be a huge success in the market because of 1 more reason- coffee is a worldwide beverage, thus giving the product a good chance of being accepted all over the world. Marketing strategy and tactics- As mentioned in the report earlier, Philips pays a lot of attention on how well the product is marketed and launched; and spends accordingly on the promotion. This can be very beneficial for promoting a new product in the market, under the brand name of Philips. The target market being a new age generation, the strategy will be more concentrated on usage of modern age media like internet social network website. Apart from that Philips already has its own official website which is very explanatory of its products. The usage of print media like newspapers and magazines etc. is also necessary to spread the product information to a large number of audiences. Outdoor advertising like Billboards, bus-stops advertisements near universities/ colleges and central business district is very important to reach the exact target market. Lastly one of the most used advertising sources, television commercials, can also be used for a better marketing of the product experience. Testing concept and marketing approach- Testing of the product can be done through a lot of mediums. Philips places its products in famous retail outlets, like big bazaar in India or courts in Singapore, which are nationally recognized and visited by many people. This gives Philips products an opportunity to come across a large number of audiences. The same tactics can be used for the testing of the new product. the 3 in 1 appliance can be displayed on a stall in these stores and people by passing the stall can see the demonstration of the working appliance, as well as can use it themselves to better understand the features of the products. Online surveys can be done asking suggestions about the concept and aesthetic appeal of the product. Lastly, Philips can give a money back or product exchange guarantee to first 10,000 customers of the appliance, all over the world. They can ask those customers for their feedback on what they felt went wrong and accordingly do changes in the product, if needed. Rolling out campaign- This is the time when Philips brand name plays a very important role. There are 3 ways of campaigning for the appliance- Showing testimonials of the users of the product on T.V. commercials. This way people will relate more to the product. Sponsoring an event related to cooking/ cookery shows for e.g. Master Chef, so at the end the show will advertise Philips kitchen appliances, including the 3 in 1 appliance. Sponsoring a cookery competition, and giving the product as a gift to the winner. Know your product lifecycle- Any product has 4 main phase of its life. Below is the chart showing the lifecycle of the sales of any product. Introduction- First six months, sales of the product will be slow. Buyers who are innovators will mostly use the product. Growth- With the increasing promotion by Philips, after six months of launch, the product will have increasing sales. By then people who are loyal to the Philips brand will start buying it. Maturity- By now everybody see the product as an established and reliable product. Now the product will reach the peak sales and also the onset of decline due to the possible launch of similar products by the competitors. Decline- this is the time when the product loses its novelty factors and there will be a need to rethink the product attributes and come up with a better version as soon as possible. Conclusion In the end I think that Philips as a brand is perfect for the kind of product I have designed. It really will help the product with the brand name of Philips. Similarly I think Philips can also gain more number of audiences because of my product.
Friday, January 17, 2020
High-school the best years of your life Essay
Being in high-school should definitely be the best four years of your life. Most people forget that these years is what usually makes up for the rest of your life. For example some people choose to study hard, pass their classes, and then have fun with the time they got left over. Others choose to use up all their time for fun and never pass classes or dedicate any type of time towards their education and usually get held back a couple of years like I did. If you really want to make high-school the best years of your life then I would suggest choosing option A so that you enjoy all the festivities and parties with friends without having to make-up for lost time. For some odd reason many kids believe that when you get into trouble, it makes you look like a cool guy or girl to all of your peers. In reality your only labeling yourself as being the troublemaker slacker that doesnââ¬â¢t make it anywhere in life to your teachers. Not to mention you make yourself look like an idiot to the smarter kids at your school. What most kids donââ¬â¢t know is that if your one of those kids that does good and gets his work done on time and passes all his classes then the counselors will give you a little less attention than to the kids who never do work and are always in trouble and never passes their classes. So if youââ¬â¢re a bad kid and you wonder why you get into so much trouble itââ¬â¢s because youââ¬â¢re causing too much attention to yourself and you never do anything that can justify your badness as being good or being minor. Read more: Essay examples for high schoolà So donââ¬â¢t get into trouble if you know that it can risk you getting kicked out and losing those years that should be the best of your life. Another thing that holds a lot of kids back is being in a romantic relationship with somebody. Iââ¬â¢m not saying itââ¬â¢s not good to be in love or care for another person, but if that is whatââ¬â¢s holding you back from achieving your goals then there has to be a problem with that relationship. This means that you should think about your education before anything else on your agenda for the year instead of focusing on keeping your loved one by your side. If that is too selfish for you to think about then do it for your loved one. If you really cared about another person you would care about their education as well. You wouldnââ¬â¢t want your other half to be dimwitted or uneducated. If you cared for that person youââ¬â¢d want them to be smart and knowledgeable and to be successful in life or maybe you should be the successful one to help your other half be something in life. If they cared about you theyââ¬â¢d want the same for you too. Anything else would be selfish of them or you and that wouldnââ¬â¢t be fair to the person you thought you loved or to you at all. The most common thing that hold kids back in school is wanting to party all the time and drink and do drugs and look cool for everyone to see. This is the biggest problem because as a kid all you want to do is party and have fun but when you get older you realize that there is a time and place for everything and during the week is not the time and in school is not the place. School for most kids is their only job and you should treat your school like a job which means to never be late, be respectful to everybody at school, and donââ¬â¢t show up all tired and sick from partying the night before. I remember seeing kids at school on Monday morning throwing up their organs because they drank too much the night before and only slept for like two hours. That is totally irresponsible and should never happen at your job, so why do we let that happen to us in our schools. High-school couldââ¬â¢ve been the best years of my life but unfortunately I was one of the kids who decided to waste all my time having fun and am now left to play catch-up with school credits and classes that shouldââ¬â¢ve been passed years ago. I shouldââ¬â¢ve graduated in the year 2010. It is now the year 2012 and I am still trying to catch-up on credits that I shouldââ¬â¢ve already completed two years ago. Luckily for me I found OFY and have been able to complete classes faster than ever and hope to soon reach my goal and graduate high-school. So donââ¬â¢t be like me, be one of the kids that was able to graduate with the rest of their peers and be one of those kids who will remember high-school as being the best years of your life instead of being like me and turning them into the longest years of your life.
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Adolf Hitler And The Holocaust Essay - 1105 Words
Adolf Hitler and the Holocaust. The Holocaust is the word used to describe the mass murder of approximately six million European Jews during Adolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s rule in Germany. Among the Jews were also other groups described as ââ¬Å"Sub-Humansâ⬠such as Gypsies, homosexuals, intellectually challenged, political prisoners and most Eastern Europeans. German lacked confidence in their weak system, the Weimer Republic. Adolf Hitler, the chairman of the Nazi Party by 1921, was a World War I veteran who still believed that Germany was destined for greatness, despite the humiliating terms of Versailles Treaty. He was appointed chancellor, the head of German government in January 1933. He was voted in constitutionally by mostly working class, lower class and peasantry. By signing in the Enabling Act of 1933, he smoothly shifted from president to a dictator. The Act; declared all parties illegal, abolished the office of the president and abolished labor laws and unions. His rule was rooted in the basic pillars of, anti-Semitism, nationalism, militarism, anti-communism and expansion. Europeansââ¬â¢ Anti-Semitism was among the greatest forces that led to the Holocaust. The prejudice, discrimination and hatred of Jews as a national, ethnic and racial group was dated back centuries prior to Hitler. Anti-Semitism can be clearly represented by, the Crusades, Jewish diaspora in Spain, Pogroms in Russia and ancient anti-Semitism in areas of modern day Middle East, where Jews were persecuted.Show MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler and the Holocaust1249 Words à |à 5 PagesAdolf Hitler was the driving force behind the Holocaust. Many people think he was insane to torture the human race that way. Others praise him for attempting to exterminate the Jewish people. Some wonder what was going on inside his head when he had the first thought and/or plan of the Holocaust. A majority of the world just want to know what drove him or what made him hate the Jewish race so much. Studying Adolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s beliefs can give the world history because he gave the world an insightRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust1078 Words à |à 5 Pages Adolf Hitler played a major role in WWII. Hitler was anti-Semitic. Anti-Semitic is to be against Jews. Hitlerââ¬â¢s perspective of perfection was a blue-eyed, blonde-haired white person; most Jews did not fit this description. This view is what caused the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a period of time in which many Jews were killed in camps. He also believed that he could bring Germany to greatness once again. Because of Adolf Hitlerââ¬â¢s actions and beliefs, he was an important figure inRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust Essay905 Words à |à 4 PagesAuschwitz On January 30, 1933 Adolf Hitler was appointed the German chancellor. This was the beginning of the most tragic and horrifying mass murder the world has ever known. Adolf Hitler was a man who despised Jews and blamed them for everything that had gone wrong in Germany. He wanted to annihilate every living Jew in Germany through a plan that he called ââ¬Å"The Final Solution.â⬠To fulfill his master plan, he appointed German SS officers to round up mass amounts of Jews and ship them off to deathRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust1667 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe more sharply they became distinguished in my eyes from the rest of humanity,â⬠Hitler wrote in Mein Kampf, describing his feelings when he first arrived in Vienna in 1925 and began to develop anti-Semitic ideas. The Holocaust was when the Naziââ¬â¢s eliminated the Jewish people under Hitlerââ¬â¢s rule. This was one of the most gruesome events in world history. There were three main reasons why Hitler started t he Holocaust and exterminated the Jews: he had a need for power; he was convinced the loss ofRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust2262 Words à |à 10 PagesWhen Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, he had a belief that race was the sole matter that defined the culture of a civilization. He influenced the country of Germany to change the ideological values that they previously abided by. This change marked the beginning of a new era, which led to the most pure ideological genocide that can be remembered to this day since there was no pragmatic motivation throughout the time period the Holocaust took place. It is a dark mark in the history of westernRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Holocaust2948 Words à |à 12 PagesAdolf Hitler, chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and fà ¼hrer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945, was the mastermind behind both World War II within Europe and the Holocaust. In the ââ¬Å"Final Solution,â⬠concentration and extermination camps were implemente d in an attempt to rid of the Jewish population entirely. Such a task, genocide, would not be done easily. By the end of World War II, over six million Jews had been killed. However, not merely Jews were subject to mass murder, but nearly five millionRead MoreAdolf Hitler and The Holocaust Essay729 Words à |à 3 Pageshandicaps. This geonocide, led by Adolf Hitler, who was the chancellor and future dictator of Germany, resulted in the death of six million Jews and thousands of other innocents. The Holocaust is arguably the worst thing that has happened in our history. In our modern world we still have racist and religious problems accross the world particularly in the Middle East and Africa. By studying the Holocaust we can learn many things and gain a perspective on our lives. Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi politicalRead MoreAdolf Hitler and The Holocaust Essay1519 Words à |à 7 Pages On January 30th, 1933, Adolf Hitler became a dictator of Germany, which marked the start of the twelve year massacre, the Holocaust. The Holocaust lasted until May 8th, 1945, when Europe won World War II. During the event of the Holocaust, six million Jewish followers were murdered; nearly two-thirds of the European Jewish population and one-third of all the Jewish population in the world. The Nazi Party not only targeted the Jews, but communists, Marxists, and anyone who stood up to, or posedRead MoreAdolf Hitler and the Holocaust Essay1114 Words à |à 5 Pages Germanyââ¬â¢s fate was changed on April 20, 1889, the day I, Adolf Hitler was born to German official, Alois and my dear, Klara Hitler. Little did they know of what a miracle that had blessed them that day. My destiny was decided for me every time my father lectured me about the abhor Jews, taking up our German property, and beat me for the childish mistakes I made. I realized my destiny was to punish the faults in our once perfect nation. My fatherââ¬â¢s strict upper hand was not the only contributionRead MoreAdolf Hitler and the Holocaust Essay611 Words à |à 3 Pagesquestion, Why? Why would someone like Hitler murder millions of people in an act of mass genocide? I personally think that no one truly knows the answer to that question I do however, however know why we would study something like the Holocaust, and likewise WWII. In order to explain it sufficiently I think that one must start with the story of Adolf Hitler. In 1889, on April 20th Adolf Hitler was born. As a young Austrian boy, Hitler wanted to be an artist and applied at
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Homo heidelbergensis Free Essay Example, 2750 words
Daniel Hartman was a workman who spotted the fossil jaw in a sandpit. The jaw found was in a good shape only with a premolar teeth missing but found later near the jaw. Daniel Hartman handed the fossil to professor Otto Schoetensack who was from University of Heidelberg. He identified the fossil and named it as Homo heidelbergensis. Professor Otto Schoetensackà Francis Adrian joseph Turville-petre was a British archeologist who found the first ancient fossil in western Asia where he unearthed Galilee skull in Israel. Francis Adrian Joseph Turville-Petre Lee Rogers Berger found out that many fossil bones indicated some inhabitants of heidelbergensis which was huge habitually over 1.57 m and 50kg, and that they inhabited S. Africa around 300000 to 500000 years ago. He was paleoanthrolopologist, archeologist, and physical anthropologist Lee Rogers Berger Steven Mithen was a professor of archeology. He concluded that Homo heidelbergensis used a prelinguistic sytem of communication similar the one used by Homo neanderthalensis. Dating method Radiometric dating technique was used to date the type-site for the Homo heidelbergensis. We will write a custom essay sample on Homo heidelbergensis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The radiocarbon dating method is the most common but since the dates become less certain the farther back in time we go, by around 60,000 years +/- 4,000 the C14 dates have a large propensity for error. Chronometric dating employs the use of infrared radiofluorescence (IF-RF) methods which dates light-exposure of sediments grain recorded last by measuring their depository age. The fossil is an important element as it aids the understanding of occupation of early man in Europe north of Alps. With the use of mammal fauna and geological aspects, the find layer was put in the early middle Pleistocene although the chronometric evidence to confirm the action is missing. Two different independent techniques can be applied at this level for instance, sand spin resonance or the U-series method. The mammal teeth are used during the method and the infrared radio fluorescent is applied to the sand grains. This method dated the site where the fossil of Homo heidelbergensis was discovered to be in the range of 609000 with a deviation of plus or negative 40000 years old. The result obtained indicated that the Homo heidelbergensis mandible was the oldest hominin fossil that has ever been recorded from northern and central Europe. The quaternary deposits that are beyond the age of 400000 are hard to assess using the chronometric dating methodology especially when volcani c layers are not there.
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